c programming tokens and datatypes | codeswithabhi

C programming token and datatypes

In this tutorial, you will learn

 TOKEN

 

The token is the smallest individual unit of a program.

There are some token available in C programming are:-

1. Keywords:-

The keywords are some reserved word having a specific meaning which is used during the program.

2. Identifier.-

The identifier means, who identify the variable name, data type, or any name using during the program.

3. Variable:-

The variable means which holds some value.

for e.g- x=,y=4,etc.

4. Constant:-

A fixed value that never changes.

for e.g- x=3;[where 3 is constant].

5. Data type:-

The format of storing a value in a variable is called Data type.

                                DATA TYPE

As we know, Data type is a format of storing a value in a variable.

There are two types data types available in C

1. Primitive Data type:-

Primitive data types are also known as pre-defined or basic data type, and it represent  have a very simple nature( number, character, decimal value).

There are four types of primitive data type are:-

* Char:-

This data type is the use of inputting a character value in the program.
For example:-  char  arrr='a' ;

* Int:-

This data type is used for inputting an integer value in a program.
For example:-  Int x=10;

* Float:-

This data type is used for inputting a decimal value in a program.
For example:-   float d=10.3 ;

* Double:-

This data type is used for inputting an integer and decimal value both.
For example:-   double  x= 12.3;

2. Derived data type:-

The derived data type in also known as user defined data type.

There are five types of derived data type are: 

*  Array:- 

The array is the collection of homogeneous data items that share a common name,  Array contains similar kind of values on a same name it allocates contiguous or sequential memory.

Syntax      Data type          array name [size] ;
                     int                    arr[20] ; 

* Pointer:-

A pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable. The pointer is represented by a sign (  *  ).
 Syntax:-    Data type     pointer name ;

There are some features of the pointer in C programming language are:-

1. Pointer saves memory space.

2. Execution time with pointer is faster because data is manipulated with the address is direct access to memory location.

3. The pointer reduce the length and complexity of the program.

4. The pointer is efficient in handling data and associated with the array.
5. 2D and 3D array and many more dimension array representation is easy in pointer.

*  Structure :-

It is a collection of different data type variable group together under a single name.

Syntax :-

struct  structure name 

{

data type  mem 1 ;

data type  mem 2 ;

data type  mem 3 ;

, , , ,  , , ,    , , , , , , 

, , , ,  , , ,    , , , , , , 

data type  mem n;

 Declaration of structure:-

struct book 

{

int pages ;

char name [ 100 ] ;

float price ;

} b ;

* Union :-

* Union is user defined data type just like structure.

* Each member  of structure is assigned it's own unique storage area whereas union all the member share common storage area.

* All member share  common area so only one member can be active at a time.

* Union are used when all the member are not assigned value at the same time.

syntax:-

Union tag name 

{

data type  member 1;

data type  member 2 ;

 };

* Enum:-  

An enum is defined in the same way as structure with the keyword struct replace by the keyword enum.

Syntax:-

enum       enum name 

{

mem 1;

mem 2;

mem 3;

};

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